مهندسین مشاور آسه مهر
Introduction
In reviewing the works of architecture at different eras of history, there can be a direct and profound relationship between the human attitude and ایدئولوژي of humanity and its beliefs, and in general, what we call culture and what is offered as a architectural effect. It means how to meditate and interpretation of the In his architectural شکلگیري, he was greatly influenced. In other words, what is considered as a architectural body is influenced by mental qualities, which is the creator of the effect, to Mthabehi a child's painting, which can be thought of and the psychological expressions of the children when created
نقاشیاش. With huge developments in the past few centuries The sphere of thinking has been done, the architecture has been observed that it can be seen in the multiplicity of styles. This means that it is a architecture that describes those thoughts. Every new thinking or scientific theory has created a new style in architecture. In this study, first, the basics of philosophy related to the subject, and subsequently, to define the fulding in architecture and then to the work of architects in Fulding has been discussed, finally the list of resources used in the end.
The fulding architecture was one of the leading styles in the decade of the last century Yanni. Late's philosophy was first proposed by the philosopher and French architect, Deliz. It is considered as a post-structuralism school. As well as the basis of his thought was to question the structuralism of the Modern school. Philosophy of the Delz is an all-in-one philosophy of a contentious and Descartes. In other words, it can be stated that Fu لدینگ is an anti-Cartesian design. In terms of this, there is no mathematical intellect extracted from the infrastructure. He is questioned in his famous book, anti-Oedipus and Schizophrenia (1972) of modern wisdom. In terms of the wisdom, there is a crushing of the Aristotelian logic of the following questions. In terms of this philosophy, there is no preferences in the world. There is no infrastructure. The fulding architecture is looking for numbers and wants to destroy the hierarchy. This philosophy seeks to eliminate duality. Fold i.e. China and the layer of the layers of a thousand of you, i.e., each layer beside the other layer, everything is side, no thought on the other hand, no interpretation is higher than the other, everything is horizontal. In other words, folding wants to be The logic of the two values makes it possible to replace the multitude and contrast. Fulding, such as the Dikanization, seeks to destroy the basis of the intellectual of Western civilization and with a modern logic and math.
The fulding, the perpendicular, the classification and the hierarchy is failed. And it comes to the landscape instead of it. In terms of fulding everything is a leveling. In his book called Fold, La Ybentz and Barkak (1982), the World is explaining:((the universe
is twisted and twisted by the world as the time of the fold, and the infinity surfaces that have been squeezed through space, the timing, and twisted.)) And it's always going to see the existence of it. One of the items in the topics raised by Delz is the horizontal materialism. In addition to his like-minded sweetheart, Philex Guney, published an article with the name of the rhizome in the year 1976 in Paris. This was done in a book of thousands of Flat levels (1980) More complete by these two. The rhizomes of Gila are contrary to other gilhan, which is horizontally and in Grows under the soil. Its leaves are out of the soil. By cutting part of it, this plant does not go away, but it extends from the basement of the soil and creates a fresh new. These two thinkers have raised the iconoclastic of the rhizomes, trying to base the west and the Principles They were questioned earlier. In their view, the rationals of the West is the form of a perpendicular hierarchy, tree of species and the center of the orbit.
Dariush Shayegan, a contemporary thinker, writes about them: to
their views – Deliz and Gatari – The thinking of the west of the centuries has been a tree pattern. All fields of study, including botany, theology, and ontology have been influenced by this pattern. Philosophers always in search of the foundation And have been rooted. They have created organized systems, including the centers for producing meanings and concepts and central automated devices, such as the organization's memory.
In the front of the tree system, the rhizomes and a few tear are located. The rhizomes are numerous in their breath, taddi free from the Oneness shackles. The multiplicity-based system is definitely a rhizome and it differs with its origins and splits. The rhizome has a variety of different forms, spreading from the surface of the radiating in all directions to the bulge and the gland. The zoom is the factor of communication and the ability to create an endless network, because anywhere It can be connected to other locations. Unlike the tree, which is rooted in a fixed point, the rhizome can be resumed even when broken or separated from the base, and grow in other directions. The rhizome is when the layer is dependent on the location, It can be a place of its own, and will create a new link and network loop and networks. It has its own properties: The rhizome can be a very different and even non-unique system, the rhizomes are not composed of different units, but are comprised of various directional gatherings, not The beginning and not the end is always in the way, its nature changes flawlessly. Therefore the metamorphosis factor is permanent, such as the tree, not reproduction, but also an anti-descent. Unlike the grees and drawing schemes that constantly produce their own, the rhizome is a map that always has the ability to eat, link, and change, and the ways to enter and exit are numerous. The rhizomes of a military without center and classification, beyond implication and without Raahbar Such as the tree is not realized in the form of verb ((being)), but because it spreads indefinitely, a network of relevance (and… And…) To get together. So it is able to root the verb and make it a thousand pieces. We also fail to see a single semantic recitation and believe in various readings and interpretations and understanding, interaction and tolerance of these readings toward each other and together Is.
Shayegan writes about the comments:
(There is no event, no phenomenon, no word and no idea which has multiple meanings. The as is the only recognizable world, the world is an unvalued, or in the words of the world of interpretation, because the evaluation of this thing and the delicate work of the measure and the meanings of each, belong to the most of the art of philosophy i.e. There is nothing out of تفسیرهاي Mtnaza)).
Babak Ahmadi, the author and the contemporary scholar, writes abo
ut the idea of (a myriad of ways to come home, lids to open and close the palace. Everything transsexuality some meaning.))
The folding debate in architecture was introduced in the early 19701990 s, and gradually the most renowned architects of the style of the diquasduction such as Peter آیزنمن, Frang Ghari, and us, and even architect modernist Philip Johnson, were biased toward this. Other architects and theorists of the fulding style can be found from Bahram Shirdel, Janki He called the Wolf Lynn and Charles Genkes. The source of the philosophy of folding in France and folding architecture in America has been.
The architects in their new work do not show complexity with unity or confrontation, but also in a soft and flexible manner, can co different complexities and diversity. This does not make it possible to eliminate differences. It does not cause a consistent and integrated phenomenon, but also these factors And the forces are co in a soft and flexible way. The identity and attributes of each of these factors are ultimately preserved, such as the inner layers of the earth that reshape under the outer pressures, while preserving their characteristics. The w
orld's theory of dikonization as Fields The differences were seen and the conflicts were formed in the architecture. This logic is the kind of contradiction in the softening to make the characteristics of urban and cultural texture a better way to use.
The lack of in-app coordination did not show in the building and the site and this was the starting point in their program. But they now do not show these differences, but they are flexible to co and follow a fluid and related logic. If in the past, complexity and contradictio
n from the heart of the internal confrontation of the program came out, now the spatial characteristics, The materials and the program are flexible on each other until the identity of each is preserved.
The urban architecture in the city is somewhere between the field of realism and expression. The flexible forms are not fully geometric and not in the form of arbitrary shape. On the scale of the city, these layers are not as flexible as they are indifferent to their adjacent tissue, rather than in accordance with the environmental conditions, and they are twisted in logic and Their curves are instead.
In this regard, Greg Lynn says in the archite
ctural definition of folding (i.e. combining the related factors in a contiguous mix)) in this respect, the sedimentary layers in the mountains, example, that the pressures of the Earth's inner land are bent and twisted. At the same time each layer retains its inner characteristics, but with its adjacent layers, and the layers have been flexibly flexible together, they have found curvy
The fulding architecture is also called Neobarak architecture. In the architecture of Barak, Greek, Roman, eastern, رومانسک, Gothic and classical styles are on each other, and the body of the building and the surfaces of the walls are more flexible than the conditions. As in the volume flexible architecture and different levels by the science of C The vision, which is the same compu
ter, is done. The computer is able to perform the middle shapes for a soft transfer of one to the Digari. This is a soft-term transition that is done in promotional films, video films and movies. In Michael Jackson's video footage called Black, the face of a few different people who were from d
ifferent colors, gender and ages, and in front of the eyes struck, a TV audience, the image of one was transformed into a film, without the viewer felt that these layers are between two Are completely different as artificial or unfurnished to each other. Also,
the art of the craft that had a negative role could bring its body to (Terminator 2) in the movie Terminator 2 in Mercury and change the same way as mercury in any circumstance. On the floor of the ground, it is a floor covering the floor and then it is made of a foam and in the form of human or other modes. Today, using the computer, this transition and deformation is easily applicable, and fulding architects are trying to fit and align architecture with the science of the day.
In this regard, Bahram Shirdel in his interview with the Journal says
:((my thinking and my colleagues in architecture and urban planning, flexible spaces in a way that will answer countless differences… I have always believed that there must be a special architecture that will adapt to the thoughts and life of their time and enrich the existing culture and civilization… A human being changes over time, thoughts and خصوصیاتش, on other people's other beings, the need
to be changed consequently, in a "weak form" or "weak form" Peter آیزنمن as the Bonnie's philosophy in the architectural sphere. A form that is flexible and adapt itself to an environmental shara. The forms or layers of the fulding architecture, in the adjacent and the par of each other, are flexible and in compliance with the overall conditions of the environment, social, and historical environments are placed on the site.
آیزنمن in his plan for the Columbus Gathering Center (1992-1990) showed the subject mentioned above as a body of architecture. Generally in most major American cities, there is a building called a gathering center. In this type of buildings continually meetings, lectures and exhibitions are held on behalf of various guilds, organisations and institutions that have local, national or international positions. Columbus C
enter is located north of downtown Columbus and located in the border between the city center and northern parts of the city. On the west side of the building, the street, which is one of two main streets of the city, connects to each other from south to north and downtown. From the other three sides of the site, the end highways and railways are crossed and several bridges are connected around the site to each other. In the West, the site is the most important local and urban communication route, and on the other side of the site is the communication lines inside and betwe
en the city. The decisions adopted or the information earned in the gathering within the building through telephone lines, faxes and the Internet as well as the press and various media Transferred across the country. Therefore, on the one hand of this building is the center of information exchange, and different layers of communication from this center will pass this information to different regions and centers. On the other hand, this location is the center of local and Intercity communication lines, and different layers of communication a
re crossed from the four sides of the building . آیزنمن This dimensions the information lines and connections in the era of hypermedia in their buildings. The different layers of the building in landscape mode are aligned with the matched position, and the total of these layers consists of a whole unit called the Columbus Gathering Center. The p
oint is another importance in the آیزنمن plan is that the building has a scale duality that is Two of them have been given no preference to another one. One large scale is the city, and from the view of the high-rise towers of the city center, this building has a scale in its surrounding highways. Also from the pedestrian's perspective adjacent to the main city street, the scale of the crushed building and its scale are relatively small scale of local buildings around the street.
Another interesting project in this style is to overthrow the Sears Tower in Chicago City by Greg Lynn. Sears Tower, with a height of 110 floors, is the tallest building built into modern style. The building was built by reputable S.O. M Company between 1974-1970 years. Mr. Architect Bruce Graham and its structure was a Pakistani-style space. The buil
ding symbolizes a full view of modern styles and modern thought. The exterior view of the tower is coated with glass of bronze and black aluminum, and it can be considered as a sequence of the way to the other, and the slogan is less than more. This tower is composed of nine cubic cubes that are folded in a hierarchical form each to a certain height. Two last rectangle cubes will arrive at a height of 443 meters. The space for each rectangular cube is 25 columns of metal. The Sears Tower is comprised of nine layers of rectangular ـــ and each layer of 25 layers is formed by the system. Greg Lynn in his project was symbolic, with axe, the roots of this symbol of modernity and modern architecture, and the generalism of the rat turned to the landscape. After dropping the tower to the ground, Lynn placed its long and vertical geometric layers in accordance with the conditions of the site between the river, the street and adjacent buildings, as in the shape of the pasty bars.
These layers, while maintaining their own characteristics, but according to the conditions on the site, were subjected to soft and flexible mode, horizontally and without any preferences among the existing factors. Organic architecture is another name that can be dubbed into the fulding architecture, Because the buildings made in this style are formed and expanded according to the conditions of the environment and are spread. So far in Iran, there is no built-in fulding style building. Adjacent orders in our traditional markets are the closest physical form of the fulding concept.
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