مهندسین مشاور آسه مهر
Several factors such as crushing, science and development of philosophy, and especially the development of technology, led to the development of modernism. The use of the technology of the application of metal in the building began. The need to use steel structures and glass application in Chicago buildings and the development of Chicago School in 1871 and construction of the Eiffel Tower provided a suitable field for using new materials. After the World War, the need for construction of buildings was formed using modern architecture. Ms. Van and Le Corbusier were the renowned architects of the sublime era. The Le Corbusier of the Five principles such as the rise and garden on the roof and the free plan and the window, and the free facade and use of the console roof was considered the principles of modern architecture. Gradually, attention to nature in architecture works and also attention to the sculpture in Le Corbusier and Lloyd Wright's work caused a variety of modern volume.
In the middle of the twentieth century, the principles of modern architecture have emerged, and some have simply criticized a lot of modern Belles and others to neglect the culture and history. The criticism of modernism in the 20th century 60 increased, and the post of modernism emerged. The structure of the Constructivism (Kanism) was formed in the early twentieth century and some of the artists had been considered, but after that, it was a new style called the dikanism. The expansion of technology caused the formation of another school with the titles of a single (Hightech) and the use of technology with regard to modern biotechnology caused the emergence of اکوتک. Fractal geometry and fulding are among other emerging tendencies in the western architecture. With the formation of some ideas and innovations, there are new styles that all theories do not find in the general aspect. But what is in Iran and in some countries is often due to the lack of deep and analytical recognition in the form of imitation, and the experience has shown that since the early fourteen of the century we have succeeded in designing less architectural designs that are welcomed by the professional community . In this paper, we are trying to explore a variety of styles in the West for the past 100 years and overview of the variety of styles and architects successful in these styles and works. We have a look at the trend and the outcome of these styles in Iran.
The modern world is in front of the ancient world of perspective and a different view of the existence, believing that the reason for the subjective thoughts of the medieval period takes place. Modernity is a situation and condition that has happened in history, and is a kind of attitude to existence and life. But modernism is the ideology and approach to the understanding of modernity. Most architects believe that the beginning of the modern era began with the emergence of humanism and crushing in the 15th century in northern Italy. Factors such as renaissance, religion, Orbital Science and Industrial revolution accelerated the process. The first modern building was built in the late 18th century. These buildings can be pointed to the international Exhibition of London Park or Crystal Palace building by Josef Pakston. It can be said that the building was the first effect of architecture with completely modern materials, iron and glass. Another exhibition in Paris on the occasion of the centennial year of the great French Revolution was the focus of two important buildings called the Eiffel Tower and the big Car Hall at the show. Building a car hall was also unparalleled in its kind. The building was built with all new materials, such as glass and steel. The center of the building was covered with a 115-meter and was a record in the building. Architect of this building was Ferdinand Dotert.
The start of modern architecture was codified using modern Android from the late 19th century and habitat the architecture in the United States in Chicago and Europe in the cities of Paris and Berlin. The early modern architecture period from the half decade 1880 to early World War was 1914 years.
Chicago in the late 19th century was the center of Railways and Communication of East and West America. During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the first examples of modern buildings were made away from any of the history of the Chicago and decorations. The buildings of this high-rise period were steel skeleton.
Art Nouveau was a style name in Europe, beginning in the Interior arts and interior architecture, and then inspired by the past and the use of modern materials such as steel and concrete, the buildings were formed with natural and plant decorations. The intellectual background of this style can be found in the style of arts and crafts in the nineteenth century in the UK. This style in England is called modern style and in France called New Art and in Germany called the young style and in Austria called the separation style. The intellectual principles of this school's followers are as follow
s: a) criticism and separation of تقلیدیب s
chools) separation
from the past… the inv
ention of new forms
of the Art of stroke) the use of meta
l for skeletal media. Use of تزئیینات and natural forms Victor Arta (Victor Horta) The first architect in this style . In the TASL House in Brussels, Arta not only shows columns, but also forms the form of a vegetable shoot. The architect Hector Giovanni was named this style in France. Inspired by the Arta of the Paris subway with iron and iron, he was in a new and curved way.
The movement emerged in Italy and after the First World War, and the emergence of these movements demanded the world to adapt itself to the new conditions of the industrial revolution and the emergence of new technology, and what it relates to the world before the modern industry of the date Delete. The founder of this style was philpotomis and his further emphasis was that the beauty of the worlds has grown more rapidly by a new beauty called "Speed". The movement was relatively short and the beginning of the First World War was the beginning of the movement, which wanted to create a new evolution in the history of architecture. There was no significant building into this style. Theoretical contents of the tourism architecture such as attention to science and technology and the future world, the break from the past and the lifting of all of the things that are then influenced by many of the thoughts and designs of the sublime modern architects such as لکوربوزیه and Gropius, as well as styles like Kanster They were-tak.
The sublime modern architecture or so-called modern architecture was raised between the first and Second World War, in the decades 20 and 30 establishments in Europe and in America. One of the key issues was very important in the sublime period of industry and industrial productions, and all the sublime architects in this course were involved with the issue of technology. From the pioneers of the course, which tried to cut out the dependencies of modern architecture, we can mention Walter Gropius and لکوربوزیه. Will.
In terms of theoretical topics and buildings designed by its architects it was one of the most important styles to explain the principles of modern buildings among world War. It was the origin of this Soviet architecture. One of the first buildings of this style, which is the symbol of this style, is the third International monument replica that was designed by Vladimir تاتلین. This spiral-shaped building was a height of 390 m demonstration of socialism belief on the evolutionary process of history, as it repeats its history. So that every repetition of the stage is higher and beyond the previous stage, and ultimately the evolution of history leads to socialism and communism. In the middle of this high-rise steel tower, the building is hung glass of Parliament. Alexander and the ages are one of the important theorists and architects of this style. The Pravda newspaper building Plan is the effect of this architect. The methods demanded a fundamental change in traditional construction techniques and the whole new attitude towards art and beauty. One of their first slogans in the early 1920 was the death of the art, Viva Technology, and Viva technicians.
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